Fauré’s Requiem: La berceuse de mort *

Wednesday, January 27, 2010 by Zack French
Fauré’s Requiem: La berceuse de mort *

Orchestras around the world perform Requiem masses quite regularly as part of their season.  Apart from orchestral works based on love, heroism or nature, the Requiem Mass seems to be one of the very few genres that concentrate on a particular event in a person’s life: death.  What intrigues us is how each composer utilizes the same liturgical texts from the mass proper but applies it differently in the music.

Without going into a history of each composer’s philosophies on life and death, consider for a moment the differences (and occasionally stark similarities) between three of the most well-known Requiem masses: Mozart, Verdi and Brahms.  Some may remember recent performances by the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra and Indianapolis Symphonic Choir of the Mozart (January 2006), Verdi (June 2008) and Brahms (May 2007) Requiems, all of which have had modest success at the box office.  Perhaps we love the heart-wrenching climaxes of Mozart’s Lacrimosa (“Tears”), the fever-inducing bass drum blasts of Verdi’s frightening Dies Irae (“Day of Wrath”), or the dramatic urgency of Brahms’ Denn wir haben hier keine bleibende Statt (“For here we have no continuing place”).  While Brahms’ Ein deutsches Requiem (based on German texts from the Lutheran Bible, and not from the traditional Latin mass) is known for its compassion toward those whom are still living, other Requiems relish in the dramatic and formidable aspect of death.

The Requiem of Gabriel Fauré (pronounced “4-A”), on the other hand, is one of optimism, peace and humanity.

Fauré himself was a quiet, gentle and sincere man, and his Requiem portrays this beautifully.  It is written, not as a blatant reminder of death, but rather, as Fauré himself put it, “a joyful deliverance, an aspiration towards a happiness beyond the grave, rather than as a painful experience.”  As one who directed the music of countless funerals, Fauré wished to create something different.  His Requiem would soothe those who mourn, a gentle reminder that death is another part of life and should not be met with fear.

For those readers unfamiliar with the work, here’s what to listen for. 

Sanctus (Holy): A glorious and resounding movement featuring melodic lines by the violins interwoven with the vocal entrances.  (Note that this is the first movement which features the violins; only the lower strings were used in first two movements.)  Its rising climax “Hosanna in excelsis!” is triumphant, yielding a simple yet powerful declaration by the horns, accompanied by full orchestral accompaniment including organ.  This occurs at 1:50 in the following clip

Pie Jesu (Kind Lord Jesus): A beautifully simple movement for solo soprano and one of the most well-known in the repertory.  The premiere performance of the Requiem featured a boy soprano in this solo role, but only because women were not allowed to sing in the choir of that venue.  In subsequent performances, Fauré preferred a female soprano sing the role, due to its difficult breathing passages, long phrasing and difficult interval leaps.  This weekend this movement is sung by soprano and IU alumna Jacqueline Brecheen.  Listen here.  

Agnus Dei (Lamb of God): This movement features a very beautiful yet simple transition of tonality as the sopranos enter alone on the note “C” on the word “lux” (“light”), shifting the character into a hymn until its climax with full orchestra. (In this clip, begin listening around 2 minutes)

Libera Me Domine (Deliver Us, Lord):  This is the second of the two movements that feature the baritone solo (this weekend performed by Hugh Russell), and is perhaps the most somber of the Requiem.  It is also the movement that includes the ill-fated Dies Irae (Day of Wrath), which Fauré was hesitant to include, but was obliged by the local diocese.  Clearly announced by the sinister register of the horns, the Dies Irae is understandably dark but quite brief, but quickly rises itself up out of the depths with unison choir with a return of the main theme sung quietly by the choir. Listen here.  

In Paradisum (In Paradise): The final and most cherubic of the Requiem.  The organ provides a gentle lulling with accompanying muted strings, closing the Requiem into a peaceful serenity. Listen here.

Fauré was not a religious man, but seemed to have understood life’s journey in a very optimistic and simplistic manner.  Through his Requiem, he assures the listener that there is nothing to fear at the end of life, and that perhaps a more peaceful existence awaits us.


* I chose the French translation to honor Fauré’s gentle masterpiece, but also because “Lullaby of Death” in English sounds too depressing…

*****

Please join us this weekend to hear Fauré’s Requiem, along with Mahler’s Songs of the Wayfarer (featuring Hugh Russell) and Dvořák Symphony No. 7 ~ this Friday and Saturday nights at 8:00 PM at the Hilbert Circle Theatre, featuring the ISO debut of Finnish conductor Pietari Inkinen.

www.indianapolissymphony.org

A Musical Brotherhood: Yo-Yo Ma and Jeffrey Kahane

Wednesday, October 7, 2009 by Zack French

It is quite extraordinary how the human brain can tuck away memories into the subconscious, only to be triggered back to the surface later in life. When asked to write a blog about my experiences with Yo-Yo Ma in Louisville in May of 1999, I remembered only a few minor details about the evening. After all, my time with him and pianist Jeffrey Kahane ten years ago spanned a fraction of a day – a mere five hours, if that. My trigger for that evening was a picture of Yo-Yo and me at the post-concert reception that night, which rekindled my memory of the evening and yielded my blog entry on July 7 (see “A Heart of Gold” below).

 

On October 1, 2009, Yo-Yo Ma and Jeffrey Kahane reunited in Indianapolis for a one-night performance at the Hilbert Circle Theatre with the ISO, and what I witnessed will surely be remembered. Humanity in classical music presents itself in many different forms, but this time it was through something the audience rarely has the opportunity to witness in the performers onstage: Humor.

 

I collected both gentlemen at the hotel prior to the rehearsal. Though some guest artists of this caliber respectfully feign familiarity with management they have worked with in the past, I had a hard time believing that Yo-Yo didn’t remember me. It felt as if a day hadn’t gone by, apart from my extra ten pounds and Yo-Yo’s stylishly new glasses.   A few minutes after reacquainting ourselves, Jeffrey descended and gave Yo-Yo a hug.  It was at this point another memory triggered – I had forgotten the amazing friendship between these two men until they started laughing – and they laughed the entire way to the hall. Not just the obliging gentlemanly chuckle, but the boisterous, wheezing, gut-busting howling at each other’s jokes. Somehow, even Jeffrey’s hilarious description of the Cyclops in Homer’s Odyssey made Yo-Yo’s endless giggling explode into a high-pitched belly laugh. Both men could barely walk by the time we reached the theatre a few minutes later.

 

Yo-Yo enjoying the good vibrations of the massage chair.This brotherly friendship is equally as evident on the stage, though mutually understood in a purely musical realm. The respective communication between the two was intriguing to witness during the performance of Dvorák’s Cello Concerto. Jeffrey’s animated control of the orchestra and Yo-Yo’s exquisite mastery of the concerto produced a glorious response from the sold-out theatre, whose ranks were captivated by the encore, J.S. Bach’s Sarabande from the Sixth Cello Suite (the same movement Yo-Yo performed at Senator Ted Kennedy’s funeral this past August).

 

What is remarkable is that though I have trouble remembering my own birthday without the help of my Facebook account, I will not forget laughing hysterically at the dynamic between Yo-Yo Ma and Jeffrey Kahane and witnessing their amazing collaboration on stage for the second time in my life. Both have their own solo careers in cello and piano, respectively, and Jeffrey even manages to juggle his music directorships at the Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra and the Colorado Symphony simultaneously. But when these two musical brothers do have the opportunity to perform together, they shine, and the memory is unforgettable.

Following Botti

Thursday, August 13, 2009 by Zack French
Erik Thogerson is a recent graduate of Indiana University in trumpet performance and currently serves as an intern with the Operations and Artist departments of the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra.  On his days off, Erik enjoys pony trekking in the Chilean countryside with his pet chincilla, Cedric.


Following Botti

 

By Erik Thogerson

 

 

Chris Botti and former teacher Fred Sautter

 

 

When comparing Chris Botti’s life to my own there are some striking similarities.  We were both born in Portland, Oregon, albeit 24 years apart.  Both of us began playing trumpet at a fairly early age, and eventually studied privately with Fred Sautter, former Principal Trumpet, Oregon Symphony.   Both of us took classes at Mt. Hood Community College and then eventually headed off to the Midwest to begin attending Indiana University. 

 

I clearly remember one of my trumpet lessons in high school when Fred told me that it’s almost impossible to tell if a student is going to go on to be great or not.  He said that there only have been three students that he has ever taught (in forty plus years of teaching) that he was sure would go on to greatness.  One of them was Chris Botti. 

 

Twelve solo albums and countless concerts collaborating with some of the greatest performers of our time later, I guess you could say that Fred was right.

 

Last May I graduated from Indiana University.  Now, this is where I think my path will start heading in a different direction that Chris’.  I don’t have the same aspirations for my career that Chris had when leaving Indiana University.  However, now that my path has led me to Indianapolis, it looks as though Chris may be following me for once.  He will be here performing with the ISO on November 24th and while we have never actually met it seems as though we will have plenty to talk about.

 

 

 

 

 

A Heart of Gold

Tuesday, July 7, 2009 by Zack French

May 10, 1999 was a Monday, and I remember it fondly. Not only was it the birthday of a dear friend of mine who ended up not accepting my mild romantic affections a few months earlier, but it was also the day I would be meeting the first of dozens of celebrities I would come to know over the next decade, and without a doubt one I would never forget.

 

With a dark blue cello case strapped tightly against his shoulders, Yo-Yo Ma stepped off the plane in Louisville, Kentucky. He approached me, warmly shook my hand and said, “Hi! I’m Yo-Yo Ma!” To all those who have ever wondered after seeing his interviews and TV specials, let the truth be told: Yes, he really is that nice. From the moment he stuffed his multi-million dollar cello into the boot of my crowded Mazda sedan, he wanted to hear only about me – even down to how big my farm was in southern Indiana, and by the end of the day he affectionately referred to me as “40-acre boy.”

 

That evening he presented a recital with pianist Jeffrey Kahane at the Palace Theatre in downtown Louisville in an unforgettable program: J.S. Bach’s Sonata in D major for viola da gamba BWV 1028, plus a set of “New” Goldberg Variations, a work comprised of six movements by various contemporary composers – Christopher Rouse, John Corigliano and Peter Schickele, among others – that were bookended (as in the original) by the evocative Aria from Bach’s own BWV 988 Goldberg Variations of 1741. The second half of the concert was the 30-minute Sonata in G minor for Cello and Piano, Op. 19 of Rachmaninoff, which was truly the musical highlight of the evening.

 

The dinner afterwards was even more memorable.

 

Even though the reservation was made well in advance, our post-11 p.m. arrival in the foyer at Vincenzo’s Italian Restaurant (complete with Yamaha grand piano) did not make us a welcome party. At first, no one could be found in the restaurant, so Yo-Yo bolted into the kitchen (with his cello still strapped to his back). I soon followed only to find him in front of the preparation sinks apologizing profusely to Vincenzo’s wife, who was livid that she had been waiting so long for such a small party. With some hesitation, her annoyance eventually abated and the one remaining waiter began to bring cold appetizers and wine. Yo-Yo helped the waiter and served us before seating himself. 


Nearly two hours later (and after the final cask of grappa had been consumed), we packed up our things and began to head out. Yo-Yo continued to thank the owner’s wife for her patience; after all, she had catered to our every detail and I noticed she was physically exhausted, but still appreciative of our gratitude. Yo-Yo noticed this too, and after whispering in Jeffrey Kahane’s ear and giving him a smile and simultaneous nod, he unpacked his cello in the foyer as Jeffrey sat down at the piano. The couple performed exclusively for her – from memory – the Andante from Rachmaninoff’s Sonata. By the end of the 6-minute movement, she was reduced to tears. The next twenty minutes were spent watching this woman shower Yo-Yo and Jeffrey with adoration.

 

The heart of this man is truly made of gold. It is without a doubt that he shows it Zack French & Yo-Yo Ma - May 10, 1999 - Palace Theatre, Louisville, KYeverywhere he goes. When you see his beaming face accept an audience’s applause, or watch as he smiles at the orchestra and its conductor following a raving performance, you know that it is genuine. He is a gift to today’s musical world, and those of us attending his return to the Hilbert Circle Theatre with the Indianapolis Symphony in October 2009 (after a 13-year hiatus) should soak up every moment. He will touch every heart in the hall, and will make it an evening to remember, as it did for me a decade ago.

 

And even though I never won the heart of my dear friend that year, she did receive an anonymous birthday gift in the mail a few days later – an autographed CD of a world-famous cellist that simply read: “Happy Birthday, Eliza. Love, Yo-Yo.”